python实现按首字母分类查找功能

本文实例为大家分享了python实现按首字母分类查找的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

要求：

1.自己查找一些英文词汇，存储到某个容器类中
2.根据英文词汇的首字母进行分类，类似于手机通讯簿中的快速查找功能
3.根据用户输入的字母，找到该字母开头的所有单词

#coding=utf-8
lexicons=["the","be","of","and","A","to","in","he","have","it","that","for","they","I","with","as","not","on","she","at","by","this","we","you","do","but","from","or","which","one","would","all","will","there","say","who","make","when","can"]
while True:
 startLetter=raw_input("输入一个字母，列出所有以此字母开头的单词:")
 if len(startLetter)!=1:
 print "必须是一个字母"
 else:
 reLexicons=[] #结果列表
 for x in xrange(len(lexicons)):
  lexicon=lexicons[x]
  if lexicon[0].lower()==startLetter.lower():#都转为小写后比较 开头字母不区分大小写
  reLexicons.append(lexicon)
 if len(reLexicons)==0:
  print "没有结果"
 else:
  for x in xrange(len(reLexicons)):
  print reLexicons[x]

上面的代码没有走第二步，如下代码使用字典解决第二步

#coding=utf-8
'''
边遍历，边构造 key value 
'''
lexicons=["the","be","of","and","A","to","in","he","have","it","that","for","they","I","with","as","not","on","she","at","by","this","we","you","do","but","from","or","which","one","would","all","will","there","say","who","make","when","can"]
lexiconDict={}
#分类 保存字典中
lexiconLen=len(lexicons)
for x in xrange(len(lexicons)):
 lexicon=lexicons[x]
 startLetter=lexicon[0]
 dictLexicons=lexiconDict.get(startLetter,[])
  #空列表说明没有Key 则添加Key 否则追加Key对应的Value
 if len(dictLexicons)==0:
 lexiconDict[startLetter]=[lexicons[x]]
 else:
 dictLexicons.append(lexicons[x])
while True:
 startLetter=raw_input("输入一个字母，列出所有以此字母开头的单词:")
 if len(startLetter)!=1:
 print "必须是一个字母"
 else:
 lexicons=lexiconDict.get(startLetter.lower(),[])
 if len(lexicons)==0:
  print "没有结果"
 else:
  for x in lexicons:
  print x

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