Windows和Linux系统下perl连接SQL Server数据库的方法

本文将提供一些perl连接Microsoft SQL Server数据库的实例。perl脚本运行在Windows和Linux平台。

Windows平台

如果在Windows平台下运行perl脚本，建议使用依赖DBI的两个模块包，提供标准的数据库接口模块。

DBD::ODBC
DBD::ADO

使用DBD::ODBC

如果选用DBD::ODBC，下面的实例代码将展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库：

use DBI; 

 

# DBD::ODBC 

 

my $dsn = 'DBI:ODBC:Driver={SQL Server}'; 

my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433'; 

my $database = 'my_database'; 

my $user = 'sa'; 

my $auth = ‘s3cr3t'; 

 

# Connect via DBD::ODBC by specifying the DSN dynamically. 

my $dbh = DBI->connect("$dsn;Server=$host;Database=$database", 

 $user, 

 $auth, 

 { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} 

 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; 

 

#Prepare a SQL statement my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; 

my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); 

 

#Execute the statement 

$sth->execute(); 

 

my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); 

 

# Bind the results to the local variables 

$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number ); 

 

#Retrieve values from the result set 

while( $sth->fetch() ) { 

 print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n"; 

} 

 

#Close the connection 

$sth->finish(); 

$dbh->disconnect();

你还可以使用预先设置的一个系统DSN来连接。要建立一个系统DSN，可以这样访问控制面板->管理工具->数据源。

使用系统DSN连接，需要更改连接字符串。如下所示：

# Connect via DBD::ODBC using a System DSN 

my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ODBC:my_system_dsn", 

 $user, 

 $auth, 

 { 

 RaiseError => 1, 

 AutoCommit => 1 

 } 

 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";

使用DBD::ADO

如果选择DBD::ADO模块，下面的实例展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库。

use DBI; 

 

my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433'; 

my $database = 'my_database'; 

my $user = 'sa'; 

my $auth = ‘s3cr3t'; 

 

# DBD::ADO 

$dsn = "Provider=sqloledb;Trusted Connection=yes;"; 

$dsn .= "Server=$host;Database=$database"; 

my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ADO:$dsn", 

 $user, 

 $auth, 

 { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} 

 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; 

 

#Prepare a SQL statement 

my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); 

 

#Execute the statement 

$sth->execute(); 

 

my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); 

 

# Bind the results to the local variables 

$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number ); 

 

#Retrieve values from the result set 

while( $sth->fetch() ) { 

 print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n"; 

} 

 

#Close the connection 

$sth->finish(); 

$dbh->disconnect();

Linux平台

如果是在Linux平台下运行perl脚本，连接SQL Server数据库需要使用到DBD::Sybase包。

安装SQL Server支持库

Sybase DBD包依赖FreeTDS驱动程序。

FreeTDS下载地址：www.freetds.org

安装FreeTDS驱动的说明文档参见：http://www.freetds.org/userguide/config.htm

该驱动没有使用到ODBC.

配置数据源

修改freetds.conf文件包括SQL Server数据库信息，如下所示：

[SS_MY_DB]

host = 10.0.0.1 # or host name port = 1433

tds version = 7.0

安装Sybase DBD模块

该模块文档参见：http://search.cpan.org/~mewp/DBD-Sybase/Sybase.pm

此外，需要将sybase环境变量应设置为FreeTDS安装路径，export SYBASE=/usr/local/freetds

使用Sybase DBI和SQL Server DSN实例

# load the DBI module 

use DBI; 

use DBD::Sybase; 

 

my $database="my_database"; 

my $user="sa"; 

my $auth="s3cr3t"; 

 

BEGIN 

{ 

 $ENV{SYBASE} = "/usr/local"; 

} 

 

# Connect to the SQL Server Database 

my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Sybase:server=ss_my_db;database=$database", 

 $user, 

 $auth 

 {RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} 

 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; 

 

#Prepare a SQL statement 

my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees"; 

my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); 

 

#Execute the statement 

$sth->execute(); 

 

my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); 

 

# Bind the results to the local variables 

$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number ); 

 

#Retrieve values from the result set 

while( $sth->fetch() ) {  print "$name, $title, $phone\n"; 

} 

 

#Close the connection 

$sth->finish(); 

undef $sth; # This fixes a segfault bug with certain versions of DBD::Sybase 

$dbh->disconnect();